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<text id=89TT3253>
<link 89TT3198>
<link 89TT0309>
<title>
Dec. 11, 1989: Anatomy Of A Purge
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
Dec. 11, 1989 Building A New World
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
EAST-WEST, Page 44
Anatomy of a Purge
</hdr><body>
<p>In an exclusive account of Jakes's ouster, TIME reveals how the
Czechoslovak party chief double-crossed Gorbachev and lost
</p>
<p>By Kenneth W. Banta/Prague
</p>
<p> For Milos Jakes, the beginning of the end came early last
summer. In a series of private exchanges between the
Czechoslovak Communist Party leader and Mikhail Gorbachev and
his advisers, the Soviet President made clear that his own
internal situation demanded a repudiation of the 1968 invasion
of Czechoslovakia. If Jakes, 67, did not want to be undercut by
the Soviet move, he would have to act -- and act soon. An
agreement between Moscow and Prague was struck. Come October,
Jakes would convene a Central Committee meeting and expel all
Politburo members tainted by the 1968 invasion -- except
himself. After appointing a new team of his own choosing, Jakes
would then rehabilitate the 460,000 Communist Party members he
had personally ordered purged immediately after the invasion.
</p>
<p> There was only one problem: Jakes reneged on his agreement
with Gorbachev. That extraordinary double cross began the
unraveling of Jakes's two-year rule. Through a variety of
sources, TIME has pieced together an account of the final days
of the repressive Jakes regime. It is not a sympathetic tale;
in the end, Jakes had only his own poor judgment, panic and
stubbornness to blame.
</p>
<p> Jakes's humiliation within the party began on July 17, when
a videocassette circulated among rank-and-file Communists that
showed Jakes berating an assembly of provincial party chiefs for
failing to implement his directives. With characteristic
ineloquence, he scolded his underlings for leaving him "standing
like a lonely stake in a fence." Says a Prague journalist:
"Jakes was turning into a party joke."
</p>
<p> Not long after, agreement between Gorbachev and Jakes was
reached on the plan for a Politburo purge. But October came and
went with nothing done. In mid-November, hard-line ideology
chief Jan Fojtik traveled on short notice to Moscow, where he
met with Georgi Smirnov, chief of the Moscow Institute of
Marxism-Leninism. Smirnov said that a document condemning the
1968 invasion had been approved by the Soviet Politburo, and he
warned that with the Malta summit approaching, the document
would soon be published.
</p>
<p> Before Jakes could fashion a response, events exploded. On
Friday, Nov. 17, Prague riot police cracked down on student
demonstrators. With his authority rapidly crumbling, Jakes
launched a last-minute bid to crush the uprising. Advised by
Czechoslovakia's military that it would take no part in a
violent action against the populace, Jakes turned in desperation
to the People's Militia, units composed mostly of factory
workers that function in effect as the Communist Party's private
army. Beginning Nov. 19, militia units were deployed at factory
gates and inside industrial compounds around the country. Care
was taken to ensure that each unit was deployed outside its own
home region. However, the show of militia force served only to
spark further protests.
</p>
<p> Even then, Jakes resisted internal party pressure to
convene an emergency session of the Central Committee. "It
wasn't just the Central Committee; it was the regional party
officials who were shouting for it," says Antonin Mlady, a
factory foreman and member of the newly formed Politburo.
Finally the Politburo overruled Jakes and called a meeting. On
Friday, Nov. 24, the session opened in an austere hall in the
Stalinist-era Party Political University on the outskirts of
Prague. There, Jakes tried one last tactic to save his job: he
proposed a new law that would permit freedom of assembly, thus
legalizing the demonstrations that had brought Prague and other
cities to a standstill.
</p>
<p> But the 148-member Central Committee, by now painfully
aware of the revolutionary spirit in the streets, responded by
orchestrating an internal purge. The offensive was led by
former Prime Minister Lubomir Strougal, 65, who was replaced
last year by Ladislav Adamec, 63. Over the past six months,
Strougal, who is still a member of the Central Committee, and
Adamec had conspired to take advantage of just such a moment.
They agreed that Adamec would publicly call for reform while
Strougal used his influence within the Central Committee to oust
Jakes and other hard-liners in the Politburo. Strougal rallied
a core group of 20 moderates within the Central Committee to
their cause. "In the main hall, everything looked calm," says
a participant. "Behind doors all around it, people were
negotiating like crazy, shouting and threatening."
</p>
<p> Through some eight hours of back-room combat, Strougal and
his allies gradually broke down the resistance of Jakes
holdouts, including trade-union representatives, while wooing
the bloc from the Slovak republic, which was trying to boost its
own influence. In exchange, the reformist camp had to make three
concessions. They allowed two hard-liners, Prague party leader
Miroslav Stepan and trade-union boss Miroslav Zavadil, to keep
their Politburo seats. The five Slovak members of the Politburo
also would retain their posts, including Jozef Lenart, despised
for his collaboration with the Soviets in the post-invasion era.
And no Strougal partisans would replace the ousted Politburo
members. Hence the appointment of Karel Urbanek, a relative
unknown, to the prime ministry. Presented with a fait accompli,
Jakes reluctantly resigned, along with six of his Politburo
allies.
</p>
<p> But Urbanek, it turned out, was a closet Strougal partisan
determined to finish the housecleaning. In communication with
Gorbachev, he pledged to carry out the party rehabilitations
that Jakes had reneged on. Then Urbanek clinched a deal in which
key figures among those expelled from the party 21 years ago
refused to rejoin until the last hard-liners were thrown out of
the Politburo. On Nov. 26 Urbanek reconvened the Central
Committee and secured the resignations of Stepan, Zavadil and
Lenart. The purge was complete.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>